ACM SIGMOD Anthology TODS dblp.uni-trier.de

Database Abstractions: Aggregation and Generalization.

John Miles Smith, Diane C. P. Smith: Database Abstractions: Aggregation and Generalization. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 2(2): 105-133(1977)
@article{DBLP:journals/tods/SmithS77,
  author    = {John Miles Smith and
               Diane C. P. Smith},
  title     = {Database Abstractions: Aggregation and Generalization},
  journal   = {ACM Trans. Database Syst.},
  volume    = {2},
  number    = {2},
  year      = {1977},
  pages     = {105-133},
  ee        = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/320544.320546, db/journals/tods/SmithS77.html},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}
BibTeX

Abstract

Two kinds of abstraction that are fundamentally important in database design and usage are defined. Aggregation is an abstraction which turns a relationship between objects into an aggregate object. Generalization is an abstraction which turns a class of objects into a generic object. It is suggested that all objects (individual, aggregate, generic) should be given uniform treatment in models of the real world. A new data type, called generic, is developed as a primitive for defining such models. Models defined with this primitive are structured as a set of aggregation hierarchies intersecting with a set of generalization hierarchies. Abstract objects occur at the points of intersection. This high level structure provides a discipline for the organization of relational databases. In particular this discipline allows: (i) an important class of views to be integrated and maintained; (ii) stability of data and programs under certain evolutionary changes; (iii) easier understanding of complex models and more natural query formulation; (iv) a more systematic approach to database design; (v) more optimization to be performed at lower implementation levels. The generic type is formalized by a set of invariant properties. These properties should be satisfied by all relations in a database if abstractions are to be preserved. A triggering mechanism for automatically maintaining these invariants during update operations is proposed. A simple mapping of aggregation/generalization hierarchies onto owner-coupled set structures is given.

Copyright © 1977 by the ACM, Inc., used by permission. Permission to make digital or hard copies is granted provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or direct commercial advantage, and that copies show this notice on the first page or initial screen of a display along with the full citation.

Joint ACM SIGMOD / IEEE Computer Society Anthology

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References

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John Miles Smith, Diane C. P. Smith: Database Abstractions: Aggregation. Commun. ACM 20(6): 405-413(1977) BibTeX

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    Contents
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  98. Mark A. Roth, Henry F. Korth, Abraham Silberschatz: Extended Algebra and Calculus for Nested Relational Databases. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 13(4): 389-417(1988)
  99. Joan Peckham, Fred J. Maryanski: Semantic Data Models. ACM Comput. Surv. 20(3): 153-189(1988)
  100. Erich J. Neuhold, Michael Schrefl: Dynamic Derivation of Personalized Views. VLDB 1988: 183-194
  101. Arie Segev, Arie Shoshani: The Representation of a Temporal Data Model in the Relational Environment. SSDBM 1988: 39-61
  102. Hideto Sato: A Data Model, Knowledge Base, and Natural Language Processing for Sharing a Large Statistical Database. SSDBM 1988: 207-225
  103. Alessandro D'Atri, Fabrizio L. Ricci: Interpretation of Statistical Queries to Relational Databases. SSDBM 1988: 246-258
  104. Meng Chang Chen, Lawrence McNamee, Michel A. Melkanoff: A Model of Summary Data and its Applications in Statistical Databases. SSDBM 1988: 356-372
  105. D. Jagannathan, R. L. Guck, B. L. Fritchman, J. P. Thompson, D. M. Tolbert: SIM: A Database System Based on the Semantic Data Model. SIGMOD Conference 1988: 46-55
  106. Eric N. Hanson: Processing Queries Against Database Procedures: A Performance Analysis. SIGMOD Conference 1988: 295-302
  107. Alexander Borgida: Modeling Class Hierarchies with Contradictions. SIGMOD Conference 1988: 434-443
  108. Katsumi Tanaka, Masatoshi Yoshikawa: Towards Abstracting Complex Database Objects: Generalization, Reduction and Unification of Set-type Objects (Extended Abstract). ICDT 1988: 252-266
  109. Michael Schrefl, Erich J. Neuhold: Object Class Definition by Generalization Using Upward Inheritance. ICDE 1988: 4-13
  110. Charles F. Wagner: Implementing Abstraction Hierarchies. ER 1988: 407-422
  111. Ferdi Put: The ER Approach Extended with the Action Concept as a Conceptual Modelling Tool. ER 1988: 423-440
  112. Shamkant B. Navathe, Mahan K. Pillalamarri: OOER: Toward Making the E-R Approach Object-Oriented. ER 1988: 185-206
  113. Nelson Mendonça Mattos: Abstraction Concepts: The Basis for Data and Knowledge Modeling. ER 1988: 473-492
  114. Gerti Kappel, Michael Schrefl: A Behaviour Integrated Entity-Relationship Approach for the Design of Object-Oriented Databases. ER 1988: 311-328
  115. Uwe Hohenstein, Martin Gogolla: A Calculus for an Extended Entity-Relationship Model Incorporating Arbitrary Data Operations and Aggregate Functions. ER 1988: 129-148
  116. Jacques Hagelstein, André Rifaut: A Semantic Analysis of the Collection Concept. ER 1988: 149-164
  117. Ferda N. Civelek, Asuman Dogac, Stefano Spaccapietra: An Expert System Approach to View Definition and Integration. ER 1988: 229-249
  118. Sonia Bergamaschi, Lorenzo Cavedoni, Claudio Sartori, Paolo Tiberio: On Taxonomic Reasoning in E/R Environment. ER 1988: 443-454
  119. Lawrence Chung, Daniel Rios-Zertuche, Brian A. Nixon, John Mylopoulos: Process Management and Assertion Enforcement for a Semantic Data Model. EDBT 1988: 469-487
  120. Corine Cauvet, C. Proix, Colette Rolland: Information System Design: An Expert System Approach. EDBT 1988: 113-133
  121. V. Belcastro, A. Dutkowski, W. Kaminski, M. Kowalewski, C. L. Mallamaci, S. Mezyk, Tommaso Mostardi, F. P. Scrocco, Witold Staniszkis, G. Turco: An Overview of the Distributed Query System DQS. EDBT 1988: 170-189
  122. Michael Stonebraker, Jeff Anton, Eric N. Hanson: Extending a Database System with Procedures. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 12(3): 350-376(1987)
  123. Nicolas Spyratos: The Partition Model: A Deductive Database Model. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 12(1): 1-37(1987)
  124. Serge Abiteboul, Richard Hull: IFO: A Formal Semantic Database Model. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 12(4): 525-565(1987)
  125. Richard Hull, Roger King: Semantic Database Modeling: Survey, Applications, and Research Issues. ACM Comput. Surv. 19(3): 201-260(1987)
  126. Malcolm P. Atkinson, Peter Buneman: Types and Persistence in Database Programming Languages. ACM Comput. Surv. 19(2): 105-190(1987)
  127. Ingrid M. Walter, Peter C. Lockemann, Hans-Hellmut Nagel: Database Support for Knowledge-Based Image Evaluation. VLDB 1987: 3-11
  128. Lawrence A. Rowe, Michael Stonebraker: The POSTGRES Data Model. VLDB 1987: 83-96
  129. Jean-Yves Lingat, Philippe Nobecourt, Colette Rolland: Behaviour Management in Database Applications. VLDB 1987: 185-196
  130. Arie Segev, Arie Shoshani: Logical Modeling of Temporal Data. SIGMOD Conference 1987: 454-466
  131. W. Bradley Rubenstein: A Database Design for Musical Information. SIGMOD Conference 1987: 479-490
  132. Brian A. Nixon, Lawrence Chung, David Lauzon, Alexander Borgida, John Mylopoulos, Martin Stanley: Implementation of a Compiler for a Semantic Data Model: Experiences with Taxis. SIGMOD Conference 1987: 118-131
  133. Peter Lyngbæk, Victor Vianu: Mapping a Semantic Database Model to the Relational Model. SIGMOD Conference 1987: 132-142
  134. Martin Hardwick: Why Rose is Fast: Five Optimizations in the Design of an Experimental Database System for CAD/CAM Applications. SIGMOD Conference 1987: 292-298
  135. Gabriel M. Kuper: Logic Programming With Sets. PODS 1987: 11-20
  136. Hans Janssens: A Theory of Reference Graphs in Relational Databases. MFDBS 1987: 159-180
  137. Major Dana E. Madison, C. Thomas Wu: An Expert System Interface and Data Requirements for the Integrated Product Design and Manufacturing Process. ICDE 1987: 610-618
  138. Martin Hardwick, George Samaras, David L. Spooner: Evaluating Recursive Queries in CAD Using an Extended Projection Function. ICDE 1987: 138-148
  139. Wojtek Kozaczynski, Leszek Lilien: An Extended Entity-Relationship (E²R) Database Specification and its Automatic Verification and Transformation into the Logical Relational Design. ER 1987: 533-549
  140. Mohammad A. Ketabchi, R. G. G. Cattell, Gordon C. Everest, Martin Hardwick: ER Modeling in CAD/CAM and Object Oriented Applications. ER 1987: 79-84
  141. Cheng Hsu, Alvaro Perry, M'hamed Bouziane, Waiman Cheung: TSER: A Data Modeling System Using the Two-Stage Entity-Relationship Approach. ER 1987: 497-514
  142. John E. Gessford: Top-Down Database Planning. ER 1987: 411-426
  143. André Flory, Vincent Giard: Modelling Requirements of a Manufacturing Design Application Using an E/R Schema. ER 1987: 249-267
  144. Brian A. Nixon, John Mylopoulos: Integration Issues in Implementing Semantic Data Models. DBPL 1987: 187-217
  145. Toby J. Teorey, Dongqing Yang, James P. Fry: A Logical Design Methodology for Relational Databases Using the Extended Entity-Relationship Model. ACM Comput. Surv. 18(2): 197-222(1986)
  146. Carlo Batini, Maurizio Lenzerini, Shamkant B. Navathe: A Comparative Analysis of Methodologies for Database Schema Integration. ACM Comput. Surv. 18(4): 323-364(1986)
  147. Shalom Tsur, Carlo Zaniolo: LDL: A Logic-Based Data Language. VLDB 1986: 33-41
  148. Marc Junet, Gilles Falquet, Michel Léonard: ECRINS/86: An Extended Entity-Relationship Data Base Management System and its Semantic Query Language. VLDB 1986: 259-266
  149. Hiroshi Arisawa, Takao Miura: On the Properties of Extended Inclusion Dependencies. VLDB 1986: 449-456
  150. Darrell Woelk, Won Kim, Willis Luther: An Object-Oriented Approach to Multimedia Databases. SIGMOD Conference 1986: 311-325
  151. Peter Buneman, Malcolm P. Atkinson: Inheritance and Persistence in Database Programming Languages. SIGMOD Conference 1986: 4-15
  152. Peter Buneman, Atsushi Ohori: A Domain Theoretic Approach to Higher-Order Relations. ICDT 1986: 91-104
  153. Serge Abiteboul, Richard Hull: Restructuring of Complex Objects and Office Forms. ICDT 1986: 54-72
  154. David L. Spooner, Michael A. Milicia, Donald B. Faatz: Modeling Mechanical CAD Data with Data Abstraction and Object-Oriented Techniques. ICDE 1986: 416-424
  155. Heikki Mannila, Kari-Jouko Räihä: Inclusion Dependencies in Database Design. ICDE 1986: 713-718
  156. Martin Hardwick, Goutam Sinha: A Data Management System for Graphical Objects. ICDE 1986: 447-455
  157. Martin Glinz, Jochen Ludewig: SEED - A DBMS for Software Engineering Applications Based on the Entity-Relationship Approach. ICDE 1986: 654-660
  158. Daniel Bryce, Richard Hull: SNAP: A Graphics-based Schema Manager. ICDE 1986: 151-164
  159. Yuri Breitbart, Peter L. Olson, Glenn R. Thompson: Database Integration in a Distributed Heterogeneous Database System. ICDE 1986: 301-310
  160. H. Tardieu, M. Franckson: Contribution of the Entity-Relationship Approach to Object Management in an Information System Design Workbench. ER 1986: 529-555
  161. Arnold Rochfeld: MERISE, an Information System Design and Development Methodology, Tutorial. ER 1986: 489-528
  162. David S. Reiner, Gretchen Brown, Mark Friedell, John Lehman, Richard McKee, Penny Rheingans, Arnon Rosenthal: A Database Designer's Workbench. ER 1986: 347-360
  163. Mario Mees, Ferdi Put: Extending a Dynamic Modelling Method Using Data Modelling Capabilities: The Case of JSD. ER 1986: 399-418
  164. Udo W. Lipeck, Karl Neumann: Modelling and Manipulating Objects in Geoscientific Databases. ER 1986: 67-85
  165. Martin L. Kersten, Hans Weigand, Frank Dignum, J. Boom: A Conceptual Modelling Expert System. ER 1986: 35-48
  166. Marc Junet: Design and Implementation of an Extended Entity-Relationship Data Base Management System (ECRINS/86). ER 1986: 305-322
  167. André Flory, Salvatore T. March: SCRABBLE: A Local Database Management System. ER 1986: 271-286
  168. Johann Eder, Gerti Kappel, A. Min Tjoa, Roland Wagner: BIER - The Behaviour Integrated Entity Realtionship Approach. ER 1986: 147-166
  169. Klaus R. Dittrich, Willi Gotthard, Peter C. Lockemann: Complex Entities for Engineering Applications. ER 1986: 421-440
  170. Peter P. Chen, Ming-rui Li: The Lattice Structure of Entity Set. ER 1986: 217-229
  171. Lynette I. Brady, Christopher N. G. Dampney: The Semantics of Relational Database Functions. ER 1986: 287-302
  172. Nabiha Azar, Etienne Pichat: Translation of an Extended Entity-Relationship Model into the Universal Relation with Inclusions Formalism. ER 1986: 253-268
  173. Michel E. Adiba: Modeling Complex Objects for Multimedia Databases. ER 1986: 89-117
  174. Alexander Borgida: Language Features for Flexible Handling of Exceptions in Information Systems. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 10(4): 565-603(1985)
  175. Don S. Batory, Won Kim: Modeling Concepts for VLSI CAD Objects. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 10(3): 322-346(1985)
  176. Antonio Albano, Luca Cardelli, Renzo Orsini: Galileo: A Strongly-Typed, Interactive Conceptual Language. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 10(2): 230-260(1985)
  177. Carlo Zaniolo: The Representation and Deductive Retrieval of Complex Objects. VLDB 1985: 458-469
  178. Raghu Ramakrishnan, Abraham Silberschatz: The MR Diagram - A Model for Conceptual Database Design. VLDB 1985: 376-393
  179. Sandra Heiler, Arnon Rosenthal: G-WHIZ, a Visual Interface for the Functional Model with Recursion. VLDB 1985: 209-218
  180. Mokrane Bouzeghoub, Georges Gardarin, Elisabeth Métais: Database Design Tools: An Expert System Approach. VLDB 1985: 82-95
  181. Federico Barbic, Fausto Rabitti: The Type Concept in Office Document Retrieval. VLDB 1985: 34-48
  182. Malcolm P. Atkinson, Peter Buneman, Ronald Morrison (Eds.): Data Types and Persistence. Edited Papers from the Proceedings of the First Workshop on Persistent Objects, Appin, Scotland, August 1985. Topics in Information Systems Springer 1988, ISBN 3-540-18785-5
    Contents
  183. Scott M. Staley, David C. Anderson: Executable E-R Specifications for Database Schema Design. ER 1985: 160-169
  184. Wolfgang Roesner: SESPATH: An ER Manipulation Language. ER 1985: 72-81
  185. Xiaolei Qian, Gio Wiederhold: Data Definition Facilities of Critias. ER 1985: 46-55
  186. Ole Oren: Integrity Constraints in the Conceptual Schema Language SYSDOC. ER 1985: 288-294
  187. P. S. Neuman: The Data Model of IDE: A Value Network. ER 1985: 246-255
  188. Arie Shoshani, Frank Olken, Harry K. T. Wong: Characteristics of Scientific Databases. VLDB 1984: 147-160
  189. Peter Lyngbæk, Dennis McLeod: A Personal Data Manager. VLDB 1984: 14-25
  190. David Goldhirsch, Laura Yedwab: Processing Read-Only Queries Over Views With Generalization. VLDB 1984: 344-348
  191. Don S. Batory, Alejandro P. Buchmann: Molecular Objects, Abstract Data Types, and Data Models: A Framework. VLDB 1984: 172-184
  192. Shalom Tsur, Carlo Zaniolo: An Implementation of GEM - Supporting a Semantic Data Model on a Relational Back-End. SIGMOD Conference 1984: 286-295
  193. Michael Stonebraker, Erika Anderson, Eric N. Hanson, W. Bradley Rubenstein: Quel as a Data Type. SIGMOD Conference 1984: 208-214
  194. Allan Shepherd, Larry Kerschberg: PRISM: A Knowledge Based System for Semantic Integrity Specification and Enforcement in Database Systems. SIGMOD Conference 1984: 307-315
  195. George P. Copeland, David Maier: Making Smalltalk a Database System. SIGMOD Conference 1984: 316-325
  196. Hai-Yann Hwang, Umeshwar Dayal, Mohamed G. Gouda: Using Semiouterjoins to Process Queries in Multidatabase Systems. PODS 1984: 153-162
  197. Serge Abiteboul, Richard Hull: IFO: A Formal Semantic Database Model. PODS 1984: 119-132
  198. Hartmut Wedekind: Supporting the Design of Conceptual Schemata by Database Systems. ICDE 1984: 434-438
  199. Michael Schrefl, A. Min Tjoa, Roland Wagner: Comparison-Criteria for Semantic Data Models. ICDE 1984: 120-125
  200. Hirotaka Sakai, Hajime Horiuchi: A Method for Behavior Modeling in Data Oriented Approach to System Design. ICDE 1984: 492-499
  201. Tzyy-Long Jiang, Y. H. Chin: A Friendly Logical Database Design Tool for the Humming-Bird System. ICDE 1984: 526-533
  202. Ramez Elmasri, Shamkant B. Navathe: Object Integration in Logical Database Design. ICDE 1984: 426-433
  203. James Davidson: A Natural Language Interface for Performing Database Updates. ICDE 1984: 69-76
  204. Richard P. Brägger, Andreas Dudler, Jürg Rebsamen, Carl August Zehnder: Gambit: An Interactive Database Design Tool for Data Structures, Integrity Constraints and Transactions. ICDE 1984: 399-407
  205. James Clifford, David Scott Warren: Formal Semantics for Time in Databases. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 8(2): 214-254(1983)
  206. Luiz Tucherman, Antonio L. Furtado, Marco A. Casanova: A Pragmatic Approach to Structured Database Design. VLDB 1983: 219-231
  207. Philippe Penny, Michael Picard: Application of Novel Technologies to the Management of a Very Large Date Base. VLDB 1983: 20-29
  208. Peter Lyngbæk, Dennis McLeod: An Approach to Object Sharing in Distributed Datbase Systems. VLDB 1983: 364-375
  209. Umeshwar Dayal: Processing Queries Over Generalization Hierarchies in a Multidatabase System. VLDB 1983: 342-353
  210. Robert Brown, Douglas Stott Parker Jr.: LAURA: A Formal Data Model and her Logical Design Methodology. VLDB 1983: 206-218
  211. Antonio Albano, Maurizio Capaccioli, M. Eugenia Occhiuto, Renzo Orsini: A Modularization Mechanism for Conceptual Modeling. VLDB 1983: 232-240
  212. Stanley Y. W. Su, Shamkant B. Navathe, Don S. Batory: Logical and Physical Modeling of Statistical Scientific Databases. SSDBM 1983: 251-263
  213. Maurizio Rafanelli, Fabrizio L. Ricci: Proposal of a Logical Model for Statistical Data Base. SSDBM 1983: 264-272
  214. Gultekin Özsoyoglu, Z. Meral Özsoyoglu: Features of a System for Statistical Databases. SSDBM 1983: 9-18
  215. Frank Olken: How Baroque Should a Statistical Database Management System Be? SSDBM 1983: 212-219
  216. Mauro Maier, Claudio Cirilli: System/K: A Knowledge Base Management System. SSDBM 1983: 287-294
  217. Carlo Zaniolo: The Database Language GEM. SIGMOD Conference 1983: 207-218
  218. David Maier, David Rozenshtein, David Scott Warren: Windows on the World. SIGMOD Conference 1983: 68-78
  219. Arvola Chan, Umeshwar Dayal, Stephen Fox, Nathan Goodman, Daniel R. Ries, Dale Skeen: Overview of an Ada Compatible Distributed Database Manager. SIGMOD Conference 1983: 228-237
  220. Stephen J. Hegner: Algebraic Aspects of Relational Database Decomposition. PODS 1983: 400-413
  221. Serge Abiteboul: Disaggregations in Databases. PODS 1983: 384-388
  222. Hirotaka Sakai: Entity-Relationship Approach to Logical Database Design. ER 1983: 155-188
  223. Shamkant B. Navathe, A. Cheng: A Methodology for Database Schema Mapping from Extended Entity-Relationship Models into the Hierarchical Model. ER 1983: 223-248
  224. Ryohei Nakano: Integrity Checking in a Logic-Oriented ER Model. ER 1983: 551-564
  225. Bernard Moulin: The Use of EPAS/IPSO Approach for Integrating Entity-Relationship Concepts and Software Engineering Techniques. ER 1983: 671-690
  226. Robert W. Marti: Integrating Database and Program Description Using an ER-Data Dictionary. ER 1983: 377-392
  227. Maurizio Lenzerini, Gaetano Santucci: Cardinality Constraints in the Entity-Relationship Model. ER 1983: 529-549
  228. Juhani Iivari, Erkki Koskela: An Extended EAR Approach for Information System Specification. ER 1983: 605-636
  229. C. Robert Carlson, Adarsh K. Arora: UPM: A Formal Tool for Expressing Database Update Semantics. ER 1983: 517-525
  230. Sabah S. Al-Fedaghi: An Entity-Relationship Approach to Modelling Petroleum Engineering Database. ER 1983: 761-779
  231. David Maier: The Theory of Relational Databases. Computer Science Press 1983, ISBN 0-914894-42-0
    Contents
  232. Nick Roussopoulos: View Indexing in Relational Databases. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 7(2): 258-290(1982)
  233. Robert L. Griffith: Three Principles of Representation for Semantic Networks. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 7(3): 417-442(1982)
  234. Peter Buneman, Robert E. Frankel, Rishiyur S. Nikhil: An Implementation Technique for Database Query Languages. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 7(2): 164-186(1982)
  235. Harry K. T. Wong, Ivy Kuo: GUIDE: Graphical User Interface for Database Exploration. VLDB 1982: 22-32
  236. Shamkant B. Navathe, Suresh G. Gadgil: A Methodology for View Inegration in Logical Database Design. VLDB 1982: 142-164
  237. Dipayan Gangopadhyay, Umeshwar Dayal, James C. Browne: Semantics of Network Data Manipulation Languages: An Object-Oriented Approach. VLDB 1982: 357-369
  238. Walter Dosch, Gianfranco Mascari, Martin Wirsing: On the Algebraic Specification of Databases. VLDB 1982: 370-385
  239. Arvola Chan, Sy Danberg, Stephen Fox, Wen-Te K. Lin, Anil Nori, Daniel R. Ries: Storage and Access Structures to Support a Semantic Data Model. VLDB 1982: 122-130
  240. David Maier, David Scott Warren: Specifying Connections for a Universal Relation Scheme Database. SIGMOD Conference 1982: 1-7
  241. Jean L. Bell: Data Modelling of Scientific Simulation Programs. SIGMOD Conference 1982: 79-86
  242. Richard Hull, Chee-Keng Yap: The Format Model: A Theory of Database Organization. PODS 1982: 205-211
  243. Marco A. Casanova: A Theory of Data Dependencies over Relational Expressions. PODS 1982: 189-198
  244. Catriel Beeri, Henry F. Korth: Compatible Attributes in a Universal Relation. PODS 1982: 55-62
  245. Paolo Atzeni, Douglas Stott Parker Jr.: Assumptions in Relational Database Theory. PODS 1982: 1-9
  246. Stanley Y. W. Su, Herman Lam, Der Her Lo: Transformation of Data Traversals and Operations in Application Programs to Account for Semantic Changes of Databases. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 6(2): 255-294(1981)
  247. David W. Shipman: The Functional Data Model and the Data Language DAPLEX. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 6(1): 140-173(1981)
  248. Michael Hammer, Dennis McLeod: Database Description with SDM: A Semantic Database Model. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 6(3): 351-386(1981)
  249. Francis Y. L. Chin, Gultekin Özsoyoglu: Statistical Database Design. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 6(1): 113-139(1981)
  250. Walter H. Kohler: A Survey of Techniques for Synchronization and Recovery in Decentralized Computer Systems. ACM Comput. Surv. 13(2): 149-183(1981)
  251. Hirotaka Sakai: A Method for Defining Information Structures and Transactions in Conceptual Schema Design. VLDB 1981: 225-234
  252. Y. Edmund Lien, Jonathan E. Shopiro, Shalom Tsur: DSIS - A Database System with Interrelational Semantics. VLDB 1981: 465-477
  253. Shaye Koenig, Robert Paige: A Transformational Framework for the Automatic Control of Derived Data. VLDB 1981: 306-318
  254. Stephanie J. Cammarata: Deferring Updates in a Relational Data Base System. VLDB 1981: 286-292
  255. Michael L. Brodie: On Modelling Behavioural Semantics of Databases. VLDB 1981: 32-42
  256. Alexander Borgida, Harry K. T. Wong: Data Models and Data Manipulation Languages: Complementary Semantics and Proof Theory. VLDB 1981: 260-271
  257. Hideto Sato, Ryosuke Hotaka: For Large Meta Information of National Integrated Statistics. SSDBM 1981: 206-223
  258. Gultekin Özsoyoglu, Z. Meral Özsoyoglu: Update Handling Techniques in Statistical Databases. SSDBM 1981: 249-283
  259. Rowland R. Johnson: A Data Model for Integrating Statistical Interpretations. SSDBM 1981: 176-189
  260. Hideto Ikeda, Yasuyuki Kobayashi: Additional Facilities of a Concentional DBMS to Support Interactive Statistical Analysis. SSDBM 1981: 25-36
  261. H. Sato: Handling Summary Information in a Database: Derivability. SIGMOD Conference 1981: 98-107
  262. Amihai Motro, Peter Buneman: Constructing Superviews. SIGMOD Conference 1981: 56-64
  263. Rowland R. Johnson: Modelling Summary Data. SIGMOD Conference 1981: 93-97
  264. Neil W. Webre: An Extended Entity-Relationship Model and Its Use on a Defense Project. ER 1981: 173-193
  265. Hirotaka Sakai, Hidefumi Kondo, Zenshiro Kawasaki: A Development of a Conceptual Schema Design Aid in the Entity-Relationship Model. ER 1981: 411-428
  266. Erich J. Neuhold, Yongxing Qi: An Interactive Query and Definition Facility for Semantic Dictionaries. ER 1981: 429-454
  267. D. R. McGregor, J. R. Malone: The Fact Database: An Entity-Based System Using Inference. ER 1981: 537-562
  268. Ramez Elmasri, Gio Wiederhold: GORDAS: A Formal High-Level Query Language for the Entity-Relationship Model. ER 1981: 49-72
  269. Asuman Dogac, Peter P. Chen: Entity-Relationship Model in the ANSI/SPARC Framework. ER 1981: 357-374
  270. Prabuddha De, Arun Sen, Ehud Gudes: An Extended Entity-Relationship Model with Multi Level External Views. ER 1981: 455-472
  271. Michael L. Brodie: Association: A Database Abstraction for Semantic Modelling. ER 1981: 577-602
  272. John Mylopoulos, Philip A. Bernstein, Harry K. T. Wong: A Language Facility for Designing Database-Intensive Applications. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 5(2): 185-207(1980)
  273. William Ward Armstrong, Claude Delobel: Decomposition and Functional Dependencies in Relations. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 5(4): 404-430(1980)
  274. Michael Stonebraker, Kenneth Keller: Embedding Expert Knowledge and Hypothetical Data Bases Into a Data Base System. SIGMOD Conference 1980: 58-66
  275. Mary E. S. Loomis: The 78 CODASYL Database Model: A Comparison with Preceding Specifications. SIGMOD Conference 1980: 30-44
  276. R. G. G. Cattell: An Entity-based Database User Interface. SIGMOD Conference 1980: 144-150
  277. Peter C. Lockemann, Heinrich C. Mayr, Wolfgang H. Weil, Wolfgang H. Wohlleber: Data Abstractions for Database Systems. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 4(1): 60-75(1979)
  278. William Kent: Limitations of Record-Based Information Models. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 4(1): 107-131(1979)
  279. E. F. Codd: Extending the Database Relational Model to Capture More Meaning. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 4(4): 397-434(1979)
  280. Robert W. Taylor, James P. Fry, Ben Shneiderman, Diane C. P. Smith, Stanley Y. W. Su: Database Program Conversion: A Framework for Research. VLDB 1979: 299-312
  281. Clesio Saraiva dos Santos: The Quest for Comprehensive Semantic Formalisms. VLDB 1979: 83-84
  282. Rudolf Munz, H.-J. Schneider, Frank Steyer: Application of Sub-Predicate Tests in Database Systems. VLDB 1979: 426-435
  283. Barron C. Housel, Vance E. Waddle, S. Bing Yao: The Functional Dependency Model for Logical Database Design. VLDB 1979: 194-208
  284. Peter Buneman: The Problem of Multiple Paths in a Database Schema. VLDB 1979: 368-372
  285. Janis A. Bubenko Jr.: On the Role of `Understanding Models' in Conceptual Schema Design. VLDB 1979: 129-139
  286. Carlo Zaniolo: Design of Relational Views over Network Schemas. SIGMOD Conference 1979: 179-190
  287. Edward Sciore: Improving Semantic Specification in a Relational Database. SIGMOD Conference 1979: 170-178
  288. Ramez Elmasri, Gio Wiederhold: Data Model Integration Using the Structural Model. SIGMOD Conference 1979: 191-202
  289. Peter Buneman, Robert E. Frankel: FQL - A Functional Query Language. SIGMOD Conference 1979: 52-58
  290. Gio Wiederhold, Ramez Elmasri: The Structural Model for Database Design. ER 1979: 237-258
  291. Masaaki Tsubaki, Ryosuke Hotaka: Distributed Multi-Database Environment with a Supervisory Data Dictionary Database. ER 1979: 553-574
  292. J. H. Tsao: Enterprise Schema - An Approach to IMS Logical Database Design. ER 1979: 585-602
  293. Stanley Y. W. Su, Der Her Lo: A Semantic Association Model for Conceptual Design. ER 1979: 169-192
  294. Peter Scheuermann, Gerd Schiffner, H. Weber: Abstraction Capabilities and Invariant Properties Modelling within the Entity-Relationship Approach. ER 1979: 121-140
  295. Clesio Saraiva dos Santos, Erich J. Neuhold, Antonio L. Furtado: A Data Type Approach to the Entity-Relationship Approach. ER 1979: 103-119
  296. Dennis McLeod, Roger King: Applying a Semantic Data Model. ER 1979: 193-210
  297. H. Hsu, Nick Roussopoulos: Database Conceptual Modelling. ER 1979: 259-276
  298. Neil M. Goldman, David S. Wile: A Relational Data Base Foundation for Process Specification. ER 1979: 413-432
  299. Peter P. Chen: Recent Literature on the Entity-Relationship Approach. ER 1979: 3-12
  300. Edward P. F. Chan, Frederick H. Lochovsky: A Graphical Database Design Aid using the Entity-Relationship Model. ER 1979: 295-310
  301. William E. McCarthy: Construction and Use of Integrated Accounting Systems with Entity-Relationship Modelling. ER 1979: 625-637
  302. Carlo Batini, Gaetano Santucci: Top-Down Design in the Entity-Relationship Model. ER 1979: 323-338
  303. Anthony I. Wasserman: A Software Engineering View of Data Base Management. VLDB 1978: 23-35
  304. John Miles Smith: A Normal Form for Abstract Syntax. VLDB 1978: 156-162
  305. I. R. Palmer: Record Subtype Facilities in Database Systems. VLDB 1978: 148-155
  306. Willem J. Kleefstra: Data Base Description with a Single Name Category Data Model. VLDB 1978: 177-185
  307. David K. Hsiao, Douglas S. Kerr, Stuart E. Madnick: Privacy and Security of Data Communications and Data Bases. VLDB 1978: 55-67
  308. Michael L. Brodie, Joachim W. Schmidt: What is the Use of Abstract Data Types? VLDB 1978: 140-141
  309. Catriel Beeri, Philip A. Bernstein, Nathan Goodman: A Sophisticate's Introduction to Database Normalization Theory. VLDB 1978: 113-124
  310. Michel E. Adiba, Jean-Yves Caleca, Christian Euzet: A Distributed Data Base System Using Logical Relational Machines. VLDB 1978: 450-461
  311. Shamkant B. Navathe, Mario Schkolnick: View Representation in Logical Database Design. SIGMOD Conference 1978: 144-156
  312. R. M. Lee, Rob Gerritsen: Extended Semantics for Generalization Hierarchies. SIGMOD Conference 1978: 18-25
  313. Michael Hammer, Dennis McLeod: The Semantic Data Model: A Modelling Mechanism for Data Base Applications. SIGMOD Conference 1978: 26-36
  314. Thomas J. Cook: A Dynamic Address Computation Mechanism for Use in Database Management. SIGMOD Conference 1978: 78-87
  315. Peter P. Chen, S. Bing Yao: Design and Performance Tools for Data Base Systems. VLDB 1977: 3-15
  316. Janis A. Bubenko Jr.: IAM: An Inferential Abstract Modeling Approach to Design of Conceptual Schema. SIGMOD Conference 1977: 62-74
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