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Concurrency Control Issues in Nested Transactions.

Theo Härder, Kurt Rothermel: Concurrency Control Issues in Nested Transactions. VLDB J. 2(1): 39-74(1993)
@article{DBLP:journals/vldb/HarderR93,
  author    = {Theo H{\"a}rder and
               Kurt Rothermel},
  title     = {Concurrency Control Issues in Nested Transactions},
  journal   = {VLDB J.},
  volume    = {2},
  number    = {1},
  year      = {1993},
  pages     = {39-74},
  ee        = {db/journals/vldb/HarderR93.html},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}
BibTeX

Abstract

The concept of nested transactions offers more decomposable execution units and finer-grained control over concurrency and recovery than "flat" transactions. Furthermore, it supports the decomposition of a "unit of work" into subtasks and their appropriate distribution in a computer system as a prerequisite of intratransaction parallelism. However, to exploit its full potential, suitable granules of concurrency control as well as access modes for shared data are necessary. In this article, we investigate various issues of concurrency control for nested transactions. First, the mechanisms for cooperation and communication within nested transactions should not impede parallel execution of transactions among parent and children or among siblings. Therefore, a model for nested transactions is proposed allowing for effective exploitation of intra-transaction parallelism. Starting with a set of basic locking rules, we introduce the concept of "downward inheritance of locks" to make data manipulated by a parent available to its children. To support supervised and restricted access, this concept is refined to "controlled downward inheritence." The initial concurrency control scheme was based on S-X locks for "flat," non-overlapping data objects. In order to adjust this scheme for practical applications, a set of concurrency control rules is derived for generalized lock modes described by a compatibility matrix. Also, these rules are combined with a hierarchical locking scheme to improve selective accesses to data granules of varying sizes. After having tied together both types of hierarchies (transaction and object), it can be shown how "controlled downward inheritance" for hierarchical objects is achieved in nested transactions. Finally, problems of deadlock detection and resolution in nested transactions are considered.

Copyright © 1993 by the VLDB Endowment. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the VLDB copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by the permission of the Very Large Data Base Endowment. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or special permission from the Endowment.

Key Words

Nested transactions, concurrency control, locking, object hierarchies.

Online Paper

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Referenced by

  1. C. Mohan: Repeating History Beyond ARIES. VLDB 1999: 1-17
  2. Stefan Deßloch, Theo Härder, Nelson Mendonça Mattos, Bernhard Mitschang, Joachim Thomas: Advanced Data Processing in KRISYS: Modeling Concepts, Implementation Techniques, and Client/Server Issues. VLDB J. 7(2): 79-95(1998)
  3. Gerti Kappel, Werner Retschitzegger: The TriGS Active Object-Oriented Database System - An Overview. SIGMOD Record 27(3): 36-41(1998)
  4. Alexander Thomasian: Concurrency Control: Methods, Performance, and Analysis. ACM Comput. Surv. 30(1): 70-119(1998)
  5. Ugur Halici, Ismailcem Budak Arpinar, Asuman Dogac: Serializability of Nested Transactions in Multidatabases. ICDT 1997: 321-335
  6. Javam Machado, Christine Collet: A Parallel Execution Model for Database Transactions. DASFAA 1997: 511-520
  7. Ekaterina Pavlova, Igor Nekrestyanov: Concurrency Control Protocol for Nested Transactions in Real-Time Databases. ADBIS 1997: 23-28
  8. Igor Nekrestyanov, Boris Novikov, Ekaterina Pavlova, Serge Pikalev: Concurrency Control Protocols for Persistent Shared Virtual Memory Systems (Extended Abstract). ADBIS 1997: 35-39
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  10. Gerti Kappel, S. Rausch-Schott, Werner Retschitzegger: A Transaction Model For Handling Composite Events. ADBIS 1996: 116-125
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