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The Escrow Transactional Method.

Patrick E. O'Neil: The Escrow Transactional Method. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 11(4): 405-430(1986)
@article{DBLP:journals/tods/ONeil86,
  author    = {Patrick E. O'Neil},
  title     = {The Escrow Transactional Method},
  journal   = {ACM Trans. Database Syst.},
  volume    = {11},
  number    = {4},
  year      = {1986},
  pages     = {405-430},
  ee        = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/7239.7265, db/journals/tods/ONeil86.html},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}
BibTeX

Abstract

A method is presented for permitting record updates by long-lived transactions without forbidding simultaneous access by other users to records modified. Earlier methods presented separately by Gawlick and Reuter are comparable but concentrate on "hot-spot" situations, where even short transactions cannot lock frequently accessed fields without causing bottlenecks. The Escrow Method offered here is designed to support nonblocking record updates by transactions that are "long lived" and thus require long periods to complete. Recoverability of intermediate results prior to commit thus becomes a design goal, so that updates as of a given time can be guaranteed against memory or media failure while still retaining the prerogative to abort. This guarantee basically completes phase one of a two-phase commit, and several advantages result: (1) As with Gawlick's and Reuter's methods, high-concurrency items in the database will not act as a bottleneck; (2) transaction commit of different updates can be performed asynchronously, allowing natural distributed transactions; indeed, distributed transactions in the presence of delayed messages or occasional line disconnection become feasible in a way that we argue will tie up minimal resources for the purpose intended; and (3) it becomes natural to allow for human interaction in the middle of a transaction without loss of concurrent access or any special difficulty for the application programmer. The Escrow Method, like Gawlick's Fast Path and Reuter's Method, requires the database system to be an "expert" about the type of transactional updates performed, most commonly updates involving incremental changes to aggregate quantities. However, the Escrow Method is extendable to other types of updates.

Copyright © 1986 by the ACM, Inc., used by permission. Permission to make digital or hard copies is granted provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or direct commercial advantage, and that copies show this notice on the first page or initial screen of a display along with the full citation.

Joint ACM SIGMOD / IEEE Computer Society Anthology

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References

[1]
C. J. Date: An Introduction to Database Systems, Volume I, 4th Edition. Addison-Wesley 1986
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[2]
...
[3]
Dieter Gawlick, David Kinkade: Varieties of Concurrency Control in IMS/VS Fast Path. IEEE Database Eng. Bull. 8(2): 3-10(1985) BibTeX
[4]
Jim Gray: Notes on Data Base Operating Systems. Advanced Course: Operating Systems 1978: 393-481 BibTeX
[5]
Jim Gray: The Transaction Concept: Virtues and Limitations (Invited Paper). VLDB 1981: 144-154 BibTeX
[6]
Theo Härder, Andreas Reuter: Principles of Transaction-Oriented Database Recovery. ACM Comput. Surv. 15(4): 287-317(1983) BibTeX
[7]
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[8]
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[9]
Andreas Reuter: Concurrency on High-trafic Data Elements. PODS 1982: 83-92 BibTeX
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...
[11]
Jeffrey D. Ullman: Principles of Database Systems, 2nd Edition. Computer Science Press 1982, ISBN 0-914894-36-6
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Referenced by

  1. Alexander Thomasian: Concurrency Control: Methods, Performance, and Analysis. ACM Comput. Surv. 30(1): 70-119(1998)
  2. Krithi Ramamritham, Panos K. Chrysanthis: A Taxonomy of Correctness Criteria in Database Applications. VLDB J. 5(1): 85-97(1996)
  3. Dennis Shasha, François Llirbat, Eric Simon, Patrick Valduriez: Transaction Chopping: Algorithms and Performance Studies. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 20(3): 325-363(1995)
  4. Krithi Ramamritham, Calton Pu: A Formal Characterization of Epsilon Serializability. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 7(6): 997-1007(1995)
  5. Daniel Barbará, Hector Garcia-Molina: The Demarcation Protocol: A Technique for Maintaining Constraints in Distributed Database Systems. VLDB J. 3(3): 325-353(1994)
  6. Narayanan Krishnakumar, Arthur J. Bernstein: Bounded Ignorance: A Technique for Increasing Concurrency in a Replicated System. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 19(4): 586-625(1994)
  7. Dieter Gawlick: High Performance TP Monitors - Do We Still Need to Develop Them? IEEE Data Eng. Bull. 17(1): 16-21(1994)
  8. Gustavo Alonso, Amr El Abbadi: Integrating Constraint Management and Concurrency Control in Distributed Databases. IEEE Data Eng. Bull. 17(2): 18-22(1994)
  9. Gerhard Weikum, Christof Hasse: Multi-Level Transaction Management for Complex Objects: Implementation, Performance, Parallelism. VLDB J. 2(4): 407-453(1993)
  10. Divyakant Agrawal, Amr El Abbadi, Ambuj K. Singh: Consistency and Orderability: Semantics-Based Correctness Criteria for Databases. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 18(3): 460-486(1993)
  11. Hans-Jörg Schek, Gerhard Weikum, Haiyan Ye: Towards a Unified Theory of Concurrency Control and Recovery. PODS 1993: 300-311
  12. Peter Muth, Thomas C. Rakow, Gerhard Weikum, Peter Brössler, Christof Hasse: Semantic Concurrency Control in Object-Oriented Database Systems. ICDE 1993: 233-242
  13. Carmelo Malta, José Martinez: Automating Fine Concurrency Control in Object-Oriented Databases. ICDE 1993: 253-260
  14. C. Mohan, Donald J. Haderle, Bruce G. Lindsay, Hamid Pirahesh, Peter M. Schwarz: ARIES: A Transaction Recovery Method Supporting Fine-Granularity Locking and Partial Rollbacks Using Write-Ahead Logging. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 17(1): 94-162(1992)
  15. Peter A. Franaszek, John T. Robinson, Alexander Thomasian: Concurrency Control for High Contention Environments. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 17(2): 304-345(1992)
  16. Narayanan Krishnakumar, Arthur J. Bernstein: High Throughput Escrow Algorithms for Replicated Databases. VLDB 1992: 175-186
  17. H. V. Jagadish, Oded Shmueli: Proclamation-Based Model for Cooperating Transactions. VLDB 1992: 265-276
  18. Dennis Shasha, Eric Simon, Patrick Valduriez: Simple Rational Guidance for Chopping Up Transactions. SIGMOD Conference 1992: 298-307
  19. Kenneth Salem, Daniel Barbará, Richard J. Lipton: Probabilistic Dignosis of Hot Spots. ICDE 1992: 30-39
  20. Daniel Barbará, Hector Garcia-Molina: The Demarcation Protocol: A Technique for Maintaining Linear Arithmetic Constraints in Distributed Database Systems. EDBT 1992: 373-388
  21. Gerhard Weikum: Principles and Realization Strategies of Multilevel Transaction Management. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 16(1): 132-180(1991)
  22. Richard P. King, Nagui Halim, Hector Garcia-Molina, Christos A. Polyzois: Management of a Remote Backup Copy for Disaster Recovery. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 16(2): 338-368(1991)
  23. Christof Hasse, Gerhard Weikum: A Performance Evaluation of Multi-Level Transaction Management. VLDB 1991: 55-66
  24. Peter A. Franaszek, John T. Robinson, Alexander Thomasian: Wait Depth Limited Concurrency Control. ICDE 1991: 92-101
  25. Gerhard Weikum, Christof Hasse, Peter Brössler, Peter Muth: Multi-Level Recovery. PODS 1990: 109-123
  26. Nandit Soparkar, Abraham Silberschatz: Data-value Partitioning and Virtual Messages. PODS 1990: 357-367
  27. Thomas C. Rakow, Junzhong Gu, Erich J. Neuhold: Serializability in Object-Oriented Database Systems. ICDE 1990: 112-120
  28. Akhil Kumar: An Analysis of Borrowing Policies for Escrow Transactions in a Replicated Data Environment. ICDE 1990: 446-454
  29. William E. Weihl: The Impact of Recovery on Concurrency Control. PODS 1989: 259-269
  30. Peter Peinl, Andreas Reuter, Harald Sammer: High Contention in a Stock Trading Database: A Case Study. SIGMOD Conference 1988: 260-268
  31. Akhil Kumar, Michael Stonebraker: Semantics Based Transaction Management Techniques for Replicated Data. SIGMOD Conference 1988: 117-125
  32. William Perrizo, Min Luo, Donald A. Varvel: Ordering Accesses to Improving Transaction Processing Performance. ICDE 1988: 58-63
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