Interoperability of Multiple Autonomous Databases.

@article{DBLP:journals/csur/LitwinMR90,
  author    = {Witold Litwin and
               Leo Mark and
               Nick Roussopoulos},
  title     = {Interoperability of Multiple Autonomous Databases},
  journal   = {ACM Comput. Surv.},
  volume    = {22},
  number    = {3},
  year      = {1990},
  pages     = {267-293},
  ee        = {db/journals/csur/LitwinMR90.html},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}

Abstract

Database systems were a solution to the problem of shared access to heterogeneous files created by multiple autonomous applications in a centralized environment. To make data usage easier, the files were replaced by a globally integrated database. To a large extent, the idea was successful, and many databases are now accessible through local and long-haul networks. Unavoidably, users now need shared access to multiple autonomous databases. The question is what the corresponding methodology should be. Should one reapply the database approach to create globally integrated distributed database systems or should a new approach be introduced?

We argue for a new approach to solving such data management system problems, called multidatabase or federated systems. These systems make databases interoperable, that is, usable without a globally integrated schema. They preserve the autonomy of each database yet support shared access.

Systems of this type will be of major importance in the future. This paper first discusses why this is the case. Then, it presents methodologies for their design. It further shows that major commerical relational database systems are evolving toward multidatabase systems. The paper discusses their capabilities and limitations, presents and discusses a set of prototypes, and, finally, presents some current research issues.

Copyright © 1990 by the ACM, Inc., used by permission. Permission to make digital or hard copies is granted provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or direct commercial advantage, and that copies show this notice on the first page or initial screen of a display along with the full citation.

ACM SIGMOD Anthology

• Windows: Click the letter of your CD drive
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
• Mac: Click here
• UNIX/LINUX: mount the CD and click on the path of your mount point:
  /Anthology/An4-1 or /cdrom

• Windows: Click the letter of your CD drive
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
• Mac: Click here
• UNIX/LINUX: mount the DVD and click on the path of your mount point:
  /Anthology/aDVD2 or /dvd

Online Edition: ACM Digital Library

References

[Bellcastro et al. 1988]

V. Belcastro, A. Dutkowski, W. Kaminski, M. Kowalewski, C. L. Mallamaci, S. Mezyk, Tommaso Mostardi, F. P. Scrocco, Witold Staniszkis, G. Turco: An Overview of the Distributed Query System DQS. EDBT 1988: 170-189 BibTeX

[Breitbart and Tieman 1985]

Yuri Breitbart, Larry R. Tieman: ADDS - Heterogeneous Distributed Database System. DDSS 1984: 7-24 BibTeX

[Burns e tal. 1986]

Thomas Burns, Elizabeth N. Fong, David Jefferson, Richard Knox, Leo Mark, Christopher Reedy, Louis Reich, Nick Roussopoulos, Walter Truszkowski: Reference Model for DBMS Standardization, Database Architecture Framework Task Group (DAFTG) of the ANSI/X3/SPARC Database System Study Group. SIGMOD Record 15(1): 19-58(1986) BibTeX

[Chu 1987]

...

[Consultative Committee fpr Space data systems 1987]

...

[Date 1986]

C. J. Date: An Introduction to Database Systems, Volume I, 4th Edition. Addison-Wesley 1986
BibTeX

[Fankhauser et al. 1988]

...

[Fishman etal. 1990]

Daniel H. Fishman, David Beech, H. P. Cate, E. C. Chow, Tim Connors, J. W. Davis, Nigel Derrett, C. G. Hoch, William Kent, Peter Lyngbæk, Brom Mahbod, Marie-Anne Neimat, T. A. Ryan, Ming-Chien Shan: Iris: An Object-Oriented Database Management System. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 5(1): 48-69(1987) BibTeX

[Gomer et al. 1990]

Gomer Thomas, Glenn R. Thompson, Chin-Wan Chung, Edward Barkmeyer, Fred Carter, Marjorie Templeton, Stephen Fox, Berl Hartman: Heterogeneous Distributed Database Systems for Production Use. ACM Comput. Surv. 22(3): 237-266(1990) BibTeX

[Hammer and McLeod 1979]

...

[Heimbigner 1987]

Dennis Heimbigner: A Federated System for Software Management. IEEE Data Eng. Bull. 10(3): 39-45(1987) BibTeX

[Heimbigner and McLeod 1985]

Dennis Heimbigner, Dennis McLeod: A Federated Architecture for Information Management. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 3(3): 253-278(1985) BibTeX

[International Standards Organization 1987]

...

[Remote database Access Protocol. 2nd working draft 1987]

...

[Jakobson et al. 1988]

Gabriel Jakobson, Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro, Carol Lafond, M. Rajinikanth, J. Hernandez: CALIDA: A System for Integrated Retrieval from Multiple Heterogeneous Databases. JCDKB 1988: 3-18 BibTeX

[Kronsjo 1987]

...

[Kuhn and Ludwig 1988]

...

[Landers and Rosenberg 1982]

Terry A. Landers, Ronni Rosenberg: An Overview of MULTIBASE. DDB 1982: 153-184 BibTeX

[Litwin 1984]

Witold Litwin: MALPHA: A Relational Multidatabase Manipulation Language. ICDE 1984: 86-93 BibTeX

[Litwin 1985]

...

[Litwin and Abdellatif 1987]

Witold Litwin, Abdelaziz Abdellatif: Multidatabase Interoperability. IEEE Computer 19(12): 10-18(1986) BibTeX

[Litwin and Abdellatif 1987]

...

[Litwin and Vigier 1989]

...

[Litwin and Tirri 1988]

...

[Litwin et al. 1982]

Witold Litwin, J. Boudenant, Christian Esculier, Arlette Ferrier, A. M. Glorieux, J. La Chimia, K. Kabbaj, Catherine Moulinoux, P. Rolin, Christine Stangret: SIRIUS System for Distributed Data Management. DDB 1982: 311-366 BibTeX

[Litwin et al. 1987]

Witold Litwin, Abdelaziz Abdellatif, A. Zeroual, B. Nicolas, Ph. Vigier: MSQL: A Multidatabase Language. Inf. Sci. 49(1-3): 59-101(1989) BibTeX

[Mark 1985]

Leo Mark: Self-Describing Database Systems - Formalization and Realization. Ph.D. thesis, University of Maryland, Department of Computer Science, College Park, MD 1985
BibTeX

[Mark and Roussopoulos 1987a]

Leo Mark, Nick Roussopoulos: Information Interchange between Self-Describing Databases. IEEE Data Eng. Bull. 10(3): 46-52(1987) BibTeX

[Mark and Roussopoulos 1987b]

...

[Mark et al. 1985]

Leo Mark, Nick Roussopoulos, Bei-tseng Chu: Update Dependencies. DS-1 1985: 303-319 BibTeX

[Motro 1987]

Amihai Motro: Superviews: Virtual Integration of Multiple Databases. IEEE Trans. Software Eng. 13(7): 785-798(1987) BibTeX

[Neuhold and Schrefl 1988]

Erich J. Neuhold, Michael Schrefl: Dynamic Derivation of Personalized Views. VLDB 1988: 183-194 BibTeX

[Pu 1987]

Calton Pu: Superdatabases: Transactions Across Database Boundaries. IEEE Data Eng. Bull. 10(3): 19-25(1987) BibTeX

[Rosenthal and Chakravarthy 1988]

Arnon Rosenthal, Upen S. Chakravarthy: Anatomy of a Mudular Multiple Query Optimizer. VLDB 1988: 230-239 BibTeX

[Roussopoulos 1983]

...

[Roussopoulos 1987]

...

[Roussopoulos and Kang 1986]

Nick Roussopoulos, Hyunchul Kang: Principles and Techniques in the Design of ADMS±. IEEE Computer 19(12): 19-25(1986) BibTeX

[Roussopoulos and Mark 1984]

...

[Roussopoulos and Mark 1985]

...

[Roussopoulos and Wallace 1982]

...

[Rusinkiewiwicz and Czejdo 1987]

...

[Sarin 1987]

Sunil K. Sarin: Federated Database Systems - Letter from the Editor. IEEE Data Eng. Bull. 10(3): 3-4(1987) BibTeX

[Sellis 1988]

Timos K. Sellis: Multiple-Query Optimization. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 13(1): 23-52(1988) BibTeX

[Shan]

...

[Sheth and Larson 1990]

Amit P. Sheth, James A. Larson: Federated Database Systems for Managing Distributed, Heterogeneous, and Autonomous Databases. ACM Comput. Surv. 22(3): 183-236(1990) BibTeX

[Staniszkis et al. 1985]

Witold Staniszkis, W. Kaminski, M. Kowalewski, K. Krajewski, S. Mezyk, G. Turco: Architecture of the Network Data Management System. DDSS 1984: 57-75 BibTeX

[Stonebraker 1975]

Michael Stonebraker: Implementation of Integrity Constraints and Views by Query Modification. SIGMOD Conference 1975: 65-78 BibTeX

[Templeton et al. 1987b]

Marjorie Templeton, Eric Lund, Pat Ward: Pragmatics of Access Control in Mermaid. IEEE Data Eng. Bull. 10(3): 33-38(1987) BibTeX

[Templeton et al.]

...

[Wolski 1989]

Antoni Wolski: LINDA: A System for Loosely Integrated Databases. ICDE 1989: 66-73 BibTeX

Referenced by

1. Goksel Aslan, Dennis McLeod: Semantic Heterogeneity Resolution in Federated Databases by Metadata Implantation and Stepwise Evolution. VLDB J. 8(2): 120-132(1999)
2. Xun Cheng, Guozhu Dong, Tzekwan Lau, Jianwen Su: Data Integration by Describing Sources with Constraint Databases. ICDE 1999: 374-381
3. Gunter Saake, Andreas Heuer: Datenbanken: Implementierungstechniken. MITP-Verlag 1999, ISBN 3-8266-0513-6
   Contents
4. Weiyi Meng, Clement T. Yu, Wei Wang, Naphtali Rishe: Performance Analysis of Three Text-Join Algorithms. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 10(3): 477-492(1998)
5. Christine Parent, Stefano Spaccapietra: Issues and Approaches of Database Integration. Commun. ACM 41(5): 166-178(1998)
6. Sophie Cluet, Claude Delobel, Jérôme Siméon, Katarzyna Smaga: Your Mediators Need Data Conversion! SIGMOD Conference 1998: 177-188
7. Ramana Yerneni, Yannis Papakonstantinou, Serge Abiteboul, Hector Garcia-Molina: Fusion Queries over Internet Databases. EDBT 1998: 57-71
8. Gustav Fahl, Tore Risch: Query Processing Over Object Views of Relational Data. VLDB J. 6(4): 261-281(1997)
9. Chiang Lee, Chia-Jung Chen: Query Optimization in Multidatabase Systems Considering Schema Conflicts. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 9(6): 941-955(1997)
10. Richard Hull: Managing Semantic Heterogeneity in Databases: A Theoretical Perspective. PODS 1997: 51-61
11. Serge Abiteboul: Querying Semi-Structured Data. ICDT 1997: 1-18
12. Yue Zhuge, Hector Garcia-Molina, Janet L. Wiener: Multiple View Consistency for Data Warehousing. ICDE 1997: 289-300
13. Stefan Grufman, Fredrik Samson, Suzanne M. Embury, Peter M. D. Gray, Tore Risch: Distributing Semantic Constraints Between Heterogeneous Databases. ICDE 1997: 33-42
14. Yannis Papakonstantinou, Serge Abiteboul, Hector Garcia-Molina: Object Fusion in Mediator Systems. VLDB 1996: 413-424
15. Richard Hull, Gang Zhou: A Framework for Supporting Data Integration Using the Materialized and Virtual Approaches. SIGMOD Conference 1996: 481-492
16. Yannis Papakonstantinou, Hector Garcia-Molina, Jeffrey D. Ullman: MedMaker: A Mediation System Based on Declarative Specifications. ICDE 1996: 132-141
17. Weiyi Meng, Clement T. Yu, Wei Wang, Naphtali Rishe: Performance Analysis of Several Algorithms for Processing Joins between Textual Attributes. ICDE 1996: 636-644
18. Mark W. W. Vermeer, Peter M. G. Apers: On the Applicability of Schema Integration Techniques to Database Interoperation. ER 1996: 179-194
19. Marjorie Templeton, Herbert Henley, Edward Maros, Darrel J. Van Buer: InterViso: Dealing With the Complexity of Federated Database Access. VLDB J. 4(2): 287-317(1995)
20. Weiyi Meng, Clement T. Yu, Won Kim: A Theory of Translation From Relational Queries to Hierarchical Queries. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 7(2): 228-245(1995)
21. Joachim Hammer, Hector Garcia-Molina, Jennifer Widom, Wilburt Labio, Yue Zhuge: The Stanford Data Warehousing Project. IEEE Data Eng. Bull. 18(2): 41-48(1995)
22. Evaggelia Pitoura, Omran A. Bukhres, Ahmed K. Elmagarmid: Object Orientation in Multidatabase Systems. ACM Comput. Surv. 27(2): 141-195(1995)
23. Tor Didriksen, César A. Galindo-Legaria, Eirik Dahle: Database De-Centralization - A Practical Approach. VLDB 1995: 654-665
24. Yannis Papakonstantinou, Hector Garcia-Molina, Jennifer Widom: Object Exchange Across Heterogeneous Information Sources. ICDE 1995: 251-260
25. Shailesh Agarwal, Arthur M. Keller, Gio Wiederhold, Krishna Saraswat: Flexible Relation: An Approach for Integrating Data from Multiple, Possibly Inconsistent Databases. ICDE 1995: 495-504
26. Stanley Y. W. Su, Herman Lam, Javier A. Arroyo-Figueroa, Tsae-Feng Yu, Zhidong Yang: An Extensible Knowledge Base Management System for Supporting Rule-based Interoperability among Heterogeneous Systems. CIKM 1995: 1-10
27. M. P. Reddy, Bandreddi E. Prasad, P. G. Reddy, Amar Gupta: A Methodology for Integration of Heterogeneous Databases. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 6(6): 920-933(1994)
28. Christian S. Jensen, Richard T. Snodgrass: Temporal Specialization and Generalization. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 6(6): 954-974(1994)
29. Arnon Rosenthal, Leonard J. Seligman: Data Integration in the Large: The Challenge of Reuse. VLDB 1994: 669-675
30. Chien-Tsai Liu, Panos K. Chrysanthis, Shi-Kuo Chang: Database Schema Evolution through the Specification and Maintenance of Changes on Entities and Relationships. ER 1994: 132-151
31. Peter Scheuermann, Eugene Inseok Chong: Role-based Query Processing in Multidatabase Systems. EDBT 1994: 95-108
32. Nick Roussopoulos, Nikos Economou, Antony Stamenas: ADMS: A Testbed for Incremental Access Methods. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 5(5): 762-774(1993)
33. Goetz Graefe: Query Evaluation Techniques for Large Databases. ACM Comput. Surv. 25(2): 73-170(1993)
34. Stefano Ceri, Jennifer Widom: Managing Semantic Heterogeneity with Production Rules and Persistent Queues. VLDB 1993: 108-119
35. Joann J. Ordille, Barton P. Miller: Database Challenges in Global Information Systems. SIGMOD Conference 1993: 403-407
36. Dhamir N. Mannai, Khaled M. Bugrara: Enhancing Inter-Operability and Data Sharing In Medical Information Systems. SIGMOD Conference 1993: 495-498
37. Omran A. Bukhres, eva Kühn, Franz Puntigam: A Language Multidatabase System Communication Protocol. ICDE 1993: 633-640
38. Anne H. H. Ngu, Ling-Ling Yan, Limsoon Wong: Heterogeneous Query Optimization Using Maximal Sub-Queries. DASFAA 1993: 413-420
39. Chiang Lee, Cheng-Lun Tsai: Strategies for Selection from Heterogeneous Relations. DASFAA 1993: 97-104
40. Toncan Duong, John Hiller, Anne H. H. Ngu: Information Integration through Contract. DASFAA 1993: 107-114
41. Stefano Spaccapietra, Christine Parent, Yann Dupont: Model Independent Assertions for Integration of Heterogeneous Schemas. VLDB J. 1(1): 81-126(1992)
42. Thierry Barsalou, Dipayan Gangopadhyay: M(DM): An Open Framework for Interoperation of Multimodel Multidatabase Systems. ICDE 1992: 218-227
43. eva Kühn, Franz Puntigam, Ahmed K. Elmagarmid: An Execution Model for Distributed Database Transactions and Its Implementation in VPL. EDBT 1992: 483-498
44. Nick Roussopoulos, Hyunchul Kang: A Pipeline N-way Join Algorithm Based on the 2-way Semijoin Program. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 3(4): 486-495(1991)