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Imprecise Schema: A Rationale for Relations with Embedded Subrelations.

Howard M. Dreizen, Shi-Kuo Chang: Imprecise Schema: A Rationale for Relations with Embedded Subrelations. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 14(4): 447-479(1989)
@article{DBLP:journals/tods/DreizenC89,
  author    = {Howard M. Dreizen and
               Shi-Kuo Chang},
  title     = {Imprecise Schema: A Rationale for Relations with Embedded Subrelations},
  journal   = {ACM Trans. Database Syst.},
  volume    = {14},
  number    = {4},
  year      = {1989},
  pages     = {447-479},
  ee        = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/76902.76903, db/journals/tods/DreizenC89.html},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}
BibTeX

Abstract

Exceptional conditions are anomalous data which meet the intent of a schema but not the schema definition, represent a small proportion of the database extension, and may become known only after the schema is in use. Admission of exceptional conditions is argued to suggest a representation that locally stretches the schema definition by use of relations with embedded subrelations. Attempted normalization of these relations to 1NF does not yield the static schema typically associated with such transformations. A class of relations, termed Exceptional Condition Nested Form (ECNF), is defined which allows the necessary representation of exceptional conditions while containing sufficient restrictions to prevent arbitrary and chaotic inclusion of embedded subrelations. Queries on a subset of exceptional conditions, the exceptional constraints, are provided an interpretation via an algorithm that transforms ECNF relations into 1NF relations containing two types of null values. Extensions of relational algebraic operators, suitable for interactive query navigation, are defined for use with ECNF relations containing all forms of exceptional conditions.

Copyright © 1989 by the ACM, Inc., used by permission. Permission to make digital or hard copies is granted provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or direct commercial advantage, and that copies show this notice on the first page or initial screen of a display along with the full citation.


Joint ACM SIGMOD / IEEE Computer Society Anthology

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Referenced by

  1. Christian Kalus, Peter Dadam: Flexible Relations - Operational Support of Variant Relational Structures. VLDB 1995: 539-550
  2. Vram Kouramajian, Ramez Elmasri: Mapping of 2-D Temporal Extended ER Models into Temporal Nested Relational Models. ER 1991: 671-691
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