ACM SIGMOD Anthology TODS dblp.uni-trier.de

A Temporally Oriented Data Model.

Gad Ariav: A Temporally Oriented Data Model. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 11(4): 499-527(1986)
@article{DBLP:journals/tods/Ariav86,
  author    = {Gad Ariav},
  title     = {A Temporally Oriented Data Model},
  journal   = {ACM Trans. Database Syst.},
  volume    = {11},
  number    = {4},
  year      = {1986},
  pages     = {499-527},
  ee        = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/7239.7350, db/journals/tods/Ariav86.html},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}
BibTeX

Abstract

The research into time and data models has so far focused on the identification of extensions to the classical relational model that would provide it with "adequate" semantic capacity to deal with time. The temporally oriented data model (TODM) presented in this paper is a result of a different approach, namely, it directly operationalizes the pervasive three-dimensional metaphor for time. One of the main results is thus the development of the notion of the data cube: a three-dimensional and inherently temporal data construct where time, objects, and attributes are the primary dimensions of stored data. TODM's cube adds historical depth to the tabular notions of data and provides a framework for storing and retrieving data within their temporal context. The basic operations in the model allow the formation of new cubic views from existing ones, or viewing data as one moves up and down in time within cubes.

This paper introduces TODM, a consistent set of temporally oriented data constructs, operations, and constraints, and then presents TOSQL, a corresponding end-user's SQL-like query syntax. The model is a restricted but consistent superset of the relational model, and the query syntax incorporates temporal notions in a manner that likewise avoids penalizing users who are interested solely in the current view of data (rather than in a temporal perspective). The naturalness of the spatial reference to time and the added semantic capacity of TODM come with a price - the definitions of the cubic constructs and basic operations are relatively cumbersome. As rudimentary as it is, TODM nonetheless provides a comprehensive basis for formulating an external data model for a temporally oriented database.

Copyright © 1986 by the ACM, Inc., used by permission. Permission to make digital or hard copies is granted provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or direct commercial advantage, and that copies show this notice on the first page or initial screen of a display along with the full citation.

Joint ACM SIGMOD / IEEE Computer Society Anthology

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Referenced by

  1. Costas Vassilakis: An Optimisation Scheme for Coalesce/Valid Time Selection Operator Sequences. SIGMOD Record 29(1): 38-43(2000)
  2. Curtis E. Dyreson, Richard T. Snodgrass: Supporting Valid-Time Indeterminacy. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 23(1): 1-57(1998)
  3. Abdullah Uz Tansel: Temporal Relational Data Model. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 9(3): 464-479(1997)
  4. Nikos A. Lorentzos, Yannis G. Mitsopoulos: SQL Extension for Interval Data. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 9(3): 480-499(1997)
  5. Ilias Petrounias: A Conceptual Development Framework for Temporal Information Systems. ER 1997: 43-56
  6. Manuk G. Manukyan: Temporal Data Model. ADBIS 1997: 371-387
  7. Gultekin Özsoyoglu, Richard T. Snodgrass: Temporal and Real-Time Databases: A Survey. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 7(4): 513-532(1995)
  8. Iqbal A. Goralwalla, Abdullah Uz Tansel, M. Tamer Özsu: Experimenting with Temporal Relational Databases. CIKM 1995: 296-303
  9. James Clifford, Albert Croker, Alexander Tuzhilin: On Completeness of Historical Relational Query Languages. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 19(1): 64-116(1994)
  10. Nikos A. Lorentzos: DBMS Support for Nonmetric Measurement Systems. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 6(6): 945-953(1994)
  11. Max J. Egenhofer: Spatial SQL: A Query and Presentation Language. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 6(1): 86-95(1994)
  12. Andreas Oberweis, Volker Sänger: GTL - A Graphical Language for Temporal Data. SSDBM 1994: 22-31
  13. James Clifford, Tomás Isakowitz: On the Semantics of (Bi)Temporal Variable Databases. EDBT 1994: 215-230
  14. Mikhail R. Kogalovsky: Time Series Relation Data Model. ADBIS 1994: 235-242
  15. Richard T. Snodgrass, Santiago Gomez, L. Edwin McKenzie: Aggregates in the Temporal Query Language TQuel. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 5(5): 826-842(1993)
  16. Himawan Gunadhi, Arie Segev: Efficient Indexing Methods for Temporal Relations. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 5(3): 496-509(1993)
  17. Curtis E. Dyreson, Richard T. Snodgrass: Valid-time Indeterminancy. ICDE 1993: 335-343
  18. Junichi Takahashi: Temporal Query Processing for Scene Retrieval in Motion Image Databases. DASFAA 1993: 421-426
  19. Roberto Maiocchi, Barbara Pernici, Federico Barbic: Automatic Deduction of Temporal Information. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 17(4): 647-688(1992)
  20. Christian S. Jensen, Leo Mark: Queries on Change in an Extended Relational Model. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 4(2): 192-200(1992)
  21. Wolfgang Käfer, Harald Schöning: Realizing a Temporal Complex-Object Data Model. SIGMOD Conference 1992: 266-275
  22. L. Edwin McKenzie, Richard T. Snodgrass: Evaluation of Relational Algebras Incorporating the Time Dimension in Databases. ACM Comput. Surv. 23(4): 501-543(1991)
  23. Stanley Y. W. Su, Hsin-Hsing M. Chen: A Temporal Knowledge Representation Model OSAM*/T and Its Query Language OQL/T. VLDB 1991: 431-442
  24. Ellen Rose, Arie Segev: TOODM - A Temporal Object-Oriented Data Model with Temporal Constraints. ER 1991: 205-229
  25. Nandlal L. Sarda: Extensions to SQL for Historical Databases. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 2(2): 220-230(1990)
  26. Alexander Tuzhilin, James Clifford: A Temporal Relational Algebra as Basis for Temporal Relational Completeness. VLDB 1990: 13-23
  27. Wolfgang Käfer, Norbert Ritter, Harald Schöning: Support for Temporal Data by Complex Objects. VLDB 1990: 24-35
  28. Himawan Gunadhi, Arie Segev: A Framework for Query Optimization in Temporal Databases. SSDBM 1990: 131-147
  29. Tae H. Ahn, Hyuk J. Jo, Jin H. Kim, Yoon J. Lee, Byung C. Kim: Temporal Summary Table Management and Graphic Interface. SSDBM 1990: 112-130
  30. Froduald Kabanza, Jean-Marc Stévenne, Pierre Wolper: Handling Infinite Temporal Data. PODS 1990: 392-403
  31. Abdullah Uz Tansel, Lucy Garnett: Nested Historical Relations. SIGMOD Conference 1989: 284-294
  32. Joan Peckham, Fred J. Maryanski: Semantic Data Models. ACM Comput. Surv. 20(3): 153-189(1988)
  33. Arie Segev, Arie Shoshani: The Representation of a Temporal Data Model in the Relational Environment. SSDBM 1988: 39-61
  34. Mostafa A. Bassiouni, Mark J. Llewellyn: Handling Time in Query Languages. SSDBM 1988: 105-119
  35. Richard T. Snodgrass: The Temporal Query Language TQuel. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 12(2): 247-298(1987)
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