History of Nordic Computing 2003: Trondheim, Norway

• Börje Langefors:
  Reflections, Thoughts, and Episodes. 1-5
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• Janis A. Bubenko Jr., Ingemar Dahlstrand:
  An Interview with Börje Langefors. 7-22
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• Drude Berntsen:
  The Pioneer Era in Norwegian Scientific Computing (1948-1962). 23-32
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• Hans E. Andersin:
  The Role of IBM in Starting up Computing in the Nordic Countries. 33-43
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• Oddur Benediktsson, Jóhann Gunnarsson, Egill B. Hreinsson, Jakob Jakobsson, Örn Kaldalóns, Óttar Kjartansson, Ólafur Rósmundsson, Helgi Sigvaldason, Gunnar Stefansson, Jón Zophoniasson:
  Computerisation of the Icelandic State and Municipalities. 45-60
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• Per Vingaard Klüver:
  Technology Transfer, Modernization, and the Welfare State. 61-77
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• Petri Paju:
  A Failure Revisited: The First Finnish Computer Construction Project. 79-94
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• Anders Carlsson:
  On the Politics of Failure. 95-110
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• Reino Kurki-Suonio:
  Birth of Computer Science Education and Research in Finland. 111-121
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• Magnús Magnússon:
  The Advent of the First General-Purpose Computer in Iceland. 123-130
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• Oddur Benediktsson:
  Early Curricula in Computer Science at the University of Iceland. 131-136
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• Terje O. Espelid, Arne Maus, Svein Nordbotten, Knut Skog, Arne Sølvberg:
  Research and Curricula Development at Norwegian Universities. 137-153
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• Per Ofstad:
  Introducing Information Technology at Norwegian Regional Colleges. 155-159
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• Erik Bruhn:
  Nordic Cooperation within the Field of Computing. 161-167
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• Jussi Tuori:
  Cooperation as a Driving Force in Nordic IT. 169-177
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• Christian Gram, Tero Laaksonen, Tomas Ohlin, Harold W. Lawson, Rolf Skår, Ole Stangegaard:
  History of the Nordic Computer Industry. 179-190
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• Harold W. Lawson:
  The Datasaab Flexible Central Processing Unit. 191-195
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• Herman Ruge:
  Introduction of Computers in Norwegian School Mathematics. 197-202
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• Lauri Fontell:
  From Programming to System Design. 203-213
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• Steinar Thorvaldsen, Jan Wibe:
  The Birth of it in Upper Secondary Education in Norway. 215-221
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• Anita Kollerbaur:
  IT for Learning: A Need for a New Approach?. 223-238
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• Ingemar Dahlstrand:
  The Early Nordic Software Effort. 239-249
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• Bengt Asker:
  Algol-Genius. 251-260
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• Stein Krogdahl:
  The Birth of Simula. 261-275
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• Petri Saarikoski:
  Club Activity in the Early Phases of Microcomputing in Finland. 277-287
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• Harald Yndestad:
  MIPROC. 289-296
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• Knut Skog:
  From Binary Strings to Visual Programming. 297-310
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• T. William Olle:
  Ferranti Mercury at the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment. 311-316
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• Norman Sanders:
  Making Computing Available. 317-326
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• Paul Lindgreen:
  SCIP: A Scandinavian Project on Systems Analysis and Design. 327-337
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• Juhani Iivari:
  IS Scandinavian Information Systems Development Becoming Passé?. 339-356
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• Nils Høeg:
  Significant Applications. 357-358
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• Trond Vahl:
  Applications and Technologies for Maritime and Offshore Industries. 359-367
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• Trygve Reenskaug:
  Applications and Technologies for Maritime and Offshore Industries. 369-390
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• Rolf Nordhagen:
  Nordunet: The Roots of Nordic Networking. 391-404
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• Eva Lindencrona:
  Where Were the Women? 405-411
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• Sten Henriksson:
  When Computers Became of Interest in Politics. 413-423
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• Henry Oinas-Kukkonen, Jouni Similä, Pentti Kerola, Petri Pulli, Samuli Saukkonen:
  Development in the Growth Base of the 'Oulu Phenomenon'. 425-447
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• Knut Elgsaas, Håvard Hegna:
  The Norwegian Computing Center and the Univac 1107 (1963-1970). 449-462
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• Jaakko Suominen, Petri Paju, Aimo A. Törn:
  The Wegematic 1000 Computing Centre, 1959-1964. 463-485
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• Tomas Ohlin, Lars Heide, Niels Hoeg, Martti Tienari:
  Concluding Remarks. 487-488
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