Replication, Consistency, and Practicality:
Are These Mutually Exclusive?
Todd Anderson (University of Kentucky)
Yuri Breitbart, Henry F. Korth, and Avishai Wool (Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies)
 

Previous papers have postulated that traditional schemes for the management of replicated data are doomed to failure in practice due to a quartic (or worse) explosion in the probability of deadlocks.  In this paper, we present results of a simulation study for three recently introduced protocols that guarantee global serializability and transaction atomicity without resorting to the two-phase commit protocol.  The protocols analyzed in this paper include a global locking protocol (by Gray, et al., Sigmod97), a ``pessimistic'' protocol based on a replication graph (by Breitbart and Korth, PODS97), and an ``optimistic'' protocol based on a replication graph. The results of the study show a wide range of practical applicability for the lazy replica-update approach employed in these protocols. We show that under reasonable contention conditions and sufficiently high transaction rate, both replication-graph-based protocols outperform the global locking protocol. The distinctions among the protocols in terms of performance are significant.  For example, an offered load where 70% - 80% of transactions under the global locking protocol were aborted, only 10% of transactions were aborted under the protocols based on the replication graph.  The results of the study suggest that protocols based on a replication graph offer practical techniques for replica management. However, it also shows that performance deteriorates rapidly and dramatically when transaction throughput reaches a saturation point.